Week 8：Academic economies.
Hello! February began from last Friday. Tsukuba is colder
than my hometown. I was suffered by cold and I came to hate low temperature.
But, from this month, temperature will be getting warmer and warmer so I am
happy.
This time, I introduce you about
Academic economy. There are many kinds of economy treated as scholarly. I
explain Some of them simply.
In the first place, what is economics? Economics
is the learning for studying how value is produced using limited resources in
capitalism and monetary economy. It is academic learning for intending activity
of economics in the society. The philosopher Adam Smith who I introduced you in
this blog before is the first man who defined economics in his study “The
Wealth of Nations” (“国富論” in Japanese). The definition is following.
“The economics
regarded by politicians and member of an assembly show different two things,
One is the method which supply abundant profit and production and the profit
and necessities give benefit to the people. The other is means which supply
such a profit to country or society to make people wealthily.”
Macroeconomics
Macroeconomics
is learning for studying the act in whole economy made from government, company
and individual generally from big point of view. Count concepts such as GDP,
national income, prices, savings, investment, international trade balance and
economy guidance are used to advance the study. The purposes of the leaning are
“the prediction to the situation (business fluctuations, deflation, inflation,
bubble…) of economy of the future” and “theory construction to carry out
effective economic policy (finance of the government and monetary policy)” Macroeconomics
premise the economics of the philosopher Keynes. The premise means that the
market mechanism (competition principle) based on free nation’s activity of
economy is not reliable. Keynes thank that approval market intervention (economic
policy) from government was necessary to keep the unemployment rate at a low
standard and maintain prosperity. But macroeconomics has the purpose that we
should think approval economic policy to economy adjustment.
Microeconomics
Although, in the macroeconomics, recession
from business fluctuation and unemployment are premised in thinking economic
policy, microeconomics premise the model (perfect employment, perfect
competition and market balance) that all people get an occupation and demands
and supplies are always balanced in thinking economy. It does not explain
recession or unemployment well and does not deal them. So the insufficient
point in microeconomics is made up for by macroeconomics. Microeconomics is learning
for studying act of economy. The act of economy is that player (producer,
company, consumer and individual) in market cope with a change of price under its
influence. So we assume that demands and supplies are always balanced in
microeconomics market, it has the characteristic we can study the act of
economy without thinking recession and unemployment from business fluctuation. Compering
microeconomics with macroeconomics, microeconomics is the learning
which does not deviate from the form based on an ideal model.
In the microeconomics crass of university of
Tsukuba, satisfaction of people is expressed by calculating using differential
calculus. I was very surprised that “satisfaction of people” are calculated in
the crass!! In that time, it was very strange for me to express satisfaction by
using mathematics.
This time, I introduce you
two big academic economies. But in addition, there are many kinds of them labor
economics, environmental economics, basement economics, nerve economics,
experiment economics… In other words economics are used many kinds of fields.
So I think economics are very interesting and profundity. Thank you for reading
my blog!!
